Brief Internet Time-Line
1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a device for making and following links between
documents on microfiche
1957 USSR launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik
1958 The USA Department of Defense formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) toensure that the United States was a leader in military science and technology – this includedcommunication projects
1960s Research in USA on establishments of computer networks for sharing military informationresulting in the establishment of ARPANET in 1967
1967 National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in England developed the NPL network – an experiment in packet switching1970 First cross country link installed between computers in USA
1971 Ray Tomlinson invented email program to send messages across a distributed network
Project Gutenberg was started with the purpose of making copyright-free works, including books, electronically available
1972 Improvements made to email - @ sign introduced; could now list, file, forward and respond tomessages First computer to computer chat sessiontelnet protocol introduced – enabled logging on to a remote computer
1973 First international connections to ARPANET from London via Norway
ftp (file transfer protocol) introduced – method of transferring files between Internet sites
1974 First ARPANET mailing list
1975 Satellite links established across two oceans (to Hawaii and UK)
1970s By mid 1970s Australian universities were creating networks – files exchanged between
computers at University of Melbourne and University of Wollongong
1981 BITNET network between USA universities established
More networks developed in Europe1983 European Academic and Research Network (EARN) established
1984 Domain Name system introduced
1987 Email link established between Germany and China
1989 AARNET - Australian Academic Research Network - set up by Australian Vice ChancellorsCommittee and CSIROFirst link between Australia and NSFNET via Hawaii on 23 June
1990 Archie was released – Archie created (archived) lists of ftp sites on the Internet
The World comes on-line (world.std.com) became the first commercial provider of Internet dialupaccess
1991 Gopher released – created a collection of menus of sites on the Internet
World Wide Web released – the protocol developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others in Europe
was based on hypertext
1992 Now more than 1,000,000 hosts on the Internet
Veronica, a gopher-space search tool, was released – Veronica sites produced searchable menus
of gopher menusWorld Bank came on-lineThe term "surfing the Internet" was first used
Mosaic – a graphical browser – was introduced (a forerunner of Netscape) Businesses and media began to take notice of the Internet
1994 The first banner ads appeared Mosaic Netscape released which became Netscape Navigator Opera browser released
1995 RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, sound files near real-time
Traditional online dial-up systems such as CompuServe began to provide Internet access
Internet related companies were first listed on the stock exchange
Telstra took over the Internet infrastructure in Australia
First version of Microsoft Internet Explorer released
Yahoo released as a hierarchical search engine
1996 Internet users judged a performance by ice skaters - the first time a television sport show's outcome was determined by its viewers Google began as a research project at Stanford University
1998 Google launched as a company Blogger launched in 1999
2000 Australian government endorsed the transfer of authority for the .au domain to auDA
2001 Forwarding email in Australia became illegal with the passing of the Digital Agenda Act as it was seen as a technical infringement of personal copyright
2003 The first official Swiss online election took place in Anières Del.icio.us (social bookmarking site) established 2003
2004 First version of Mozilla Firefox released (an adaption of Netscape)
Facebook launched
Flickr established
2006 Twitter created
• History of the Internet (Wikipedia) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet
• For a detailed list of Internet events see Hobbes' Internet Timeline -
www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline
• A brief history of the Internet http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html
This includes the Internet Learning Tree with articles about the Internet plus a glossary of
Internet terms
• A brief history of the Internet in Australia
• http://www.rogerclarke.com/II/OzI04.html
1945 Vannevar Bush wrote an article about a device for making and following links between
documents on microfiche
1957 USSR launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik
1958 The USA Department of Defense formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) toensure that the United States was a leader in military science and technology – this includedcommunication projects
1960s Research in USA on establishments of computer networks for sharing military informationresulting in the establishment of ARPANET in 1967
1967 National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in England developed the NPL network – an experiment in packet switching1970 First cross country link installed between computers in USA
1971 Ray Tomlinson invented email program to send messages across a distributed network
Project Gutenberg was started with the purpose of making copyright-free works, including books, electronically available
1972 Improvements made to email - @ sign introduced; could now list, file, forward and respond tomessages First computer to computer chat sessiontelnet protocol introduced – enabled logging on to a remote computer
1973 First international connections to ARPANET from London via Norway
ftp (file transfer protocol) introduced – method of transferring files between Internet sites
1974 First ARPANET mailing list
1975 Satellite links established across two oceans (to Hawaii and UK)
1970s By mid 1970s Australian universities were creating networks – files exchanged between
computers at University of Melbourne and University of Wollongong
1981 BITNET network between USA universities established
More networks developed in Europe1983 European Academic and Research Network (EARN) established
1984 Domain Name system introduced
1987 Email link established between Germany and China
1989 AARNET - Australian Academic Research Network - set up by Australian Vice ChancellorsCommittee and CSIROFirst link between Australia and NSFNET via Hawaii on 23 June
1990 Archie was released – Archie created (archived) lists of ftp sites on the Internet
The World comes on-line (world.std.com) became the first commercial provider of Internet dialupaccess
1991 Gopher released – created a collection of menus of sites on the Internet
World Wide Web released – the protocol developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others in Europe
was based on hypertext
1992 Now more than 1,000,000 hosts on the Internet
Veronica, a gopher-space search tool, was released – Veronica sites produced searchable menus
of gopher menusWorld Bank came on-lineThe term "surfing the Internet" was first used
Mosaic – a graphical browser – was introduced (a forerunner of Netscape) Businesses and media began to take notice of the Internet
1994 The first banner ads appeared Mosaic Netscape released which became Netscape Navigator Opera browser released
1995 RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, sound files near real-time
Traditional online dial-up systems such as CompuServe began to provide Internet access
Internet related companies were first listed on the stock exchange
Telstra took over the Internet infrastructure in Australia
First version of Microsoft Internet Explorer released
Yahoo released as a hierarchical search engine
1996 Internet users judged a performance by ice skaters - the first time a television sport show's outcome was determined by its viewers Google began as a research project at Stanford University
1998 Google launched as a company Blogger launched in 1999
2000 Australian government endorsed the transfer of authority for the .au domain to auDA
2001 Forwarding email in Australia became illegal with the passing of the Digital Agenda Act as it was seen as a technical infringement of personal copyright
2003 The first official Swiss online election took place in Anières Del.icio.us (social bookmarking site) established 2003
2004 First version of Mozilla Firefox released (an adaption of Netscape)
Facebook launched
Flickr established
2006 Twitter created
• History of the Internet (Wikipedia) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet
• For a detailed list of Internet events see Hobbes' Internet Timeline -
www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline
• A brief history of the Internet http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html
This includes the Internet Learning Tree with articles about the Internet plus a glossary of
Internet terms
• A brief history of the Internet in Australia
• http://www.rogerclarke.com/II/OzI04.html
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